منابع مشابه
Shifting Sugars and Shifting Paradigms
No organism lives in a constant environment. Based on classical studies in molecular biology, many have viewed microbes as following strict rules for shifting their metabolic activities when prevailing conditions change. For example, students learn that the bacterium Escherichia coli makes proteins for digesting lactose only when lactose is available and glucose, a better sugar, is not. However...
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Hedgehog (Hh) signaling proteins regulate multiple developmental and adult homeostatic processes. A defining feature of Hh signaling is that relatively small changes in the concentration of Hh ligand elicit dramatically different cellular responses. As a result, the processing, release and trafficking of Hh ligands must be tightly regulated to ensure proper signaling. In addition, sensitive and...
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The ease of travel by jet aircraft has opened up island areas not only for study but also for introduction of weeds, pests, and pathogens. We are at a critical juncture in the study of island organisms, which have become more accessible at the same time that they are vanishing. With the urgency for study of island organisms, we have many new tools, especially molecular ones, which have validate...
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Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words. A vigorous ongoing debate surrounds the question of how such internal structure is best accounted for: by means of lexical entries and deterministic symbolic rules, or by means of probabilistic subsymbolic networks implicitly encoding structural similarities in connection weights. In this review, we separate the question of subsymbolic...
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The domestic cat is afflicted with multiple viruses that serve as powerful models for human disease including cancers, SARS and HIV/AIDS. Cat viruses that cause these diseases have been studied for decades revealing detailed insight concerning transmission, virulence, origins and pathogenesis. Here we review recent genetic advances that have questioned traditional wisdom regarding the origins o...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: PLOS Biology
سال: 2015
ISSN: 1545-7885
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002068